CHITIN-CHITOSAN

Extracted Organic Fungicide and Growth Regulator 

Main Components:

-Enzymatic Stimulators 

-Complex Biopolymers of Chitin and Chitosan

Chitin

Chitin is one of the main components in the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of insects and other arthropods, and in some other animals. It is a polysaccharide; it is constructed from units of acetylglucosamine (more completely, N-acetyl-D-glucos-2-amine). These are linked together in ß-1,4 fashion (in a similar manner to the glucose units which form cellulose). In effect chitin may be described as cellulose with one hydroxyl group on each monomer replaced by an acetylamine group. This allows for increased hydrogen bonding between adjacent polymers, giving the polymer increased strength.

"Chitin" and "chiton" (a marine animal) both derive from the same Greek word meaning "tunic", referring to the protective shell. In its unmodified form, it is translucent, pliable and resilient, and quite tough. In arthropods, however, it is frequently modified, by being embedded in a hardened proteinaceous matrix, which forms much of the exoskeleton. The difference between unmodified and modified chitinous exoskeleton can be seen by comparing the body wall of a caterpillar to a beetle, for example.

Chitin is an unusual substance as it is a naturally occurring polymers. Its breakdown is conducted by bacteria which have receptors to simple sugars from the decomposition of chitin. If chitin is detected they then produce enzymes to digest the chitin by reducing it to simple sugars and ammonia.

Chitin structure

Poly (1, 4-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-ß-D-glucosamine)

Chitosan

Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed ß-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit). It has a number of commercial and possible biomedical uses.

Chitosan is produced commercially by deacetylation of chitin (can be produced from chitin also), which is the structural element in the exoskeleton of crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, etc.). The degree of deacetylation (%DA) can be determined by NMR spectroscopy, and the %DA in commercial chitosans is in the range 60-100 %.

The amino group in chitosan has a pKa value of ~6.5, thus, chitosan is positively charged and soluble in acidic to neutral solution with a charge density dependent on pH and the %DA-value. In other words, chitosan is bioadhesive and readily binds to negatively charged surfaces such as mucosal membranes. Chitosan enhance the transport of polar drugs across epithelial surfaces, and is biocompatible and biodegradable. Purified qualities of chitosans are available for biomedical application.

BIONET Functions:-

-Improve fungi resistance and many other plant diseases - resistance

-Increase plant healthiness and very good withstanding with climate change

-Significantly decrease insecticide and fertilizer by its natural bonding properties

-Rejuvenate soil and micro flora, improve ecological balancing

-Destroy most of harmful fungi by penetrating at chitin portion of  the fungi cell wall 

 How Bionet works

BIONET will bring plants to new natural balancing to have their self-defense with most of the natural plant destroyers and the toxic chemicals applied as insecticide, herbicide, fungicide and chemical fertilizers .

Direct Impacts:-

The plants have been sprayed with BIONET will react just like they got fungi or insects attack. Naturally, plant will try their best to protect themselves. But , in this case, the plants will protect themselves for nothing harmful. As result, the plants will establish their immune system and gain growth that try to compensate their destructive parts.  Most of plant leaf will have more lignin cover their leaf, get more root hair, get bigger leaf and get much more green, and so on. The plants are very healthy. Later on, if there are some fungi attack these plants, they would be able to withstand with those fungi or other plant diseases.

Indirect Impacts:-

To soil

BIONET itself is a biodegradable material. Means that it will not accumulate in soil or environment as the other fungicide. Even it could  accumulate , it  will not harm to anything except negative impact – fungi or plant diseases.

To fungi

Several scientists reported that some major component of BIONET kill only harmful fungi by selective working property. This is the most wonderful characteristic of our product. It could not compare with all chemical fungicide which they kill all fungi in touch.

To insect

Some part of insects skeletons contain chitin(polymers). One of BIONET component is an enzyme that is able to break chain of chitin polymers. This function is in a very specific condition. The insects must be directly sprayed at a certain concentration of the enzyme. We found that this mode is working well in Lab but it does not potentially work in the field.

To fertilizer

BIONET contained chitosan polymers. On each monomer, to be composted to be polymers, has hydroxyl group and amino group. Means that chitosan polymers contain many hydroxyl groups and many amino groups. Hydroxyl groups can chelate with K+, Ca2+, Mg2+,etc. And amino groups can chelate with NO3 3- , PO4 3- , etc. Results that BIONET is able to fix those fertilizers and slow release according to its polymers degradation. In addition , amino group on chitosan itself can supply nitrogen to the  plants after degradation.

To water

BIONET combined in soil with its ionic strength so that makes the soil increase its potential to held water among the soil bed. This phenomenon is slightly increasing after a certain period of time that soil be applied the BIONET.  With this property , water - evaporation rate would be reduced during the day time.

Application

Dissolve 1 teaspoon Bionet in 2 litres pump sprayer (Pressure Sprayer)
Dissolve 3 teaspoons Bionet in 5 litres pump sprayer (Pressure Sprayer)

Dissolve 1 sachet (10 gram) in 600ml Bionet SuperSprayer (Use weekly for maintaining healthy growth)
Dissolve 2 sachets (10 gram) in 600ml Bionet SuperSprayer (Use weekly for stimulating growth)
Dissolve 3 sachets (10 gram) in 600ml Bionet SuperSprayer (Use weekly for boosting growth and immune system)

Spray foliage until wet. Apply every 1 to 2 weeks through growing season.

After being dissolved in neutral water by stirring, Soluble Seaweed Extract Powder may be applied as a foliar spray or a general feed by watering can.

Recommended Application:

Application

Normally each plant is going to have recommended compound fertilizer grade or crystalline fertilizer. We would recommend our client to apply those fertilizers, as their normal practices except only applied amount should be less as one teaspoon in one mixing of 20 cc Bionet with 20 litres water.

 

Crystalline fertilizer is much more better than compounds because of its totally dissolve property in water. Compound fertilizer will remain some residue in the vessel /drum that might clog spray nozzle later.

 We should not spray during plant flowering from it beginning of flower stem generate till fruit forming. This precaution will not apply with flower plant such as orchid, rose etc.

Our recommendation to use BIONET

Usage as growth stimulator (normally called growth regulator)

20 cc BIONET: 20 litres of water

once a week or at least once every 10 day period

 

All application should add normal recommended compound fertilizer or crystalline fertilizer.

Usage as organic fungicide

To Kill

40-50 cc BIONET: 20 litres of water

once every 3-4 day period at least 3 – 4 times depending on plant type

To protect plant from fungi

20-40 cc BIONET: 20 litres of water

once a week

 

Some wetting agent might be mixed into the vessel/drum if required (in high waxy leave plant)

Foliar Spray: Dilution by 1: 1000-2000 (3 teaspoon in 5 litre Pressure Sprayer). Apply once a week for 3 - 4 weeks during the growing season and continuously once a month after that. 


Seed Treatment: 1 litre BIONET mix with 5 litres of fresh water  for 100 kg seeds or more

Root Dipping: Dilution by 1 litre BIONET : 100 litre water for transplanting mature plants) Dipping for at least 15 minutes to get absorb in to the root or stem)

Watering Can:. Our recommendation to use BIONET

Usage as growth stimulator (normally called growth regulator)

20 cc BIONET: 20 litres of water

Once a week or at least once every 10 day period

 

***We don’t have the sachet packaging type. We should recommend them to use measuring cup to measure our BIONET.

NORMAL PRODUCT PROCEDURE

Sincere Note:

Chitosan is easy to produce but good quality chitosan is quite hard to obtain.

If you can do the right things at the right times you can get high quality chitosan.

Process Parameters i.e. temp, conc., level, retention time, rpm, ratio etc.

affects our quality, yield and conversion.


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