PrHA, PHA Requirement

„Use one or more established methodologies appropriate to the complexity of the process
„Performed by a team with expertise in engineering and process operations
„Includes personnel with experience and knowledge specific to the process being evaluated and the hazard analysis methodology being used

Must address

„The hazards of the process
„Identification of previous incidents with likely potential for catastrophic consequences
„Engineering and administrative controls applicable to the hazards and their interrelationships
„Consequences of failure of engineering and administrative controls, especially those affecting employees
„Facility siting; human factors
„The need to promptly resolve PHA findings and recommendations

Hazard Analysis Methodologies

„What-If
„Checklist
„What-If/Checklist
„Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP)
„Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
„Fault Tree Analysis
„An appropriate equivalent methodology

• Checklists: cost-effective way to identify customarily recognized hazards. Depend on the experience of the people who developed the checklist. If it is not complete, may not identify the hazardous situation

•  What-if: brainstorming approach on possible deviations or failures. Team members need to be experiences, otherwise may result in incomplete study

•  What-if/Checklist: used to identify the most common hazards in the process, often the first PHA conducted on the process, with subsequent detailed approaches

HazOp: identify hazard and operability problems in a chemical process. Review a process or operation systematically to identify deviations. Requires a interdisciplinary team and an experienced team leader.

•  Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA): evaluate ways an equipment/system fails and the system response to the failure. “Not efficient for identifying an exhaustive list of combinations of equipment failures that lead to accidents”.

•  Fault Tree Analysis (FTA): a deductive technique that focuses on a particular accident or main system failure and provide a method for determining causes of the event. Suitable for highly redundant systems, component failures.

 

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